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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font=
-weight:
normal'><span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>ISLAMISM &nbsp=
;-
BEYOND POLITICAL CORRECTNESS <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Paul Stenhouse<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span style=3D'letter-spa=
cing:-.05pt'>The
shortcomings of Islamism are, in the words of not unsympathetic commentator=
s,
&nbsp;manifest and legion. Its intellectual, social, political and </span><=
span
style=3D'letter-spacing:-.15pt'>military failures <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;letter-spacing:-.15pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;letter-spacing:-.15pt'>&#8230; are evident not ju=
st to
political scientists and ana</span><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;letter-s=
pacing:
-.05pt'>lysts, but to the citizens of the countries concerned. For example,=
 at
the </span><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>time of writing there is widesp=
read
popular support in Sudan for an American-led initiative to end that country=
's
civil war and establish a <span style=3D'letter-spacing:-.15pt'>more
representative and less Islamist government. The disastrous experience of
political </span>Islam is part of every Sudanese&#8217;s personal experienc=
e.
Yet, Usama bin Laden is a figure of cult adoration for many Africans, and
political Islam continues to raise the banner of resistance against <st1:pl=
ace
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"><span style=3D'letter-spacing:-=
.05pt'>US</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span
style=3D'letter-spacing:-.05pt'> global hegemony. And the nature of Islamist
writing, specifically its </span>attachment to a Utopian ideal of political
community fixed in the past, makes it very difficult for Islamists to admit
their failures.<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn1' href=3D"#_ftn1" name=3D"_f=
tnref1"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[1]</span></a><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;background:
white'><span style=3D'letter-spacing:-.05pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>And not just Islamists. <=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>While&nbsp;the US and her al=
lies
appear&nbsp;to be losing the propaganda war, despite their obvious military=
 and
economic strengths, Islamists, against all the odds, and despite the
irrationality and intolerance of their doctrines, and their violent and
outspoken opposition to democratic values, are accorded a curious degree of
respect by certain media and deference by some people in public office.<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Take for instance the following report on=
 the
Muslim Brotherhood that appeared in The Australian<a style=3D'mso-footnote-=
id:
ftn2' href=3D"#_ftn2" name=3D"_ftnref2" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnot=
eReference>[2]</span></a>
earlier this year<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier N=
ew"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>&#8216;<st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-regio=
n w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
has granted asylum to five men who claim their membership of an organisation
accused of ties to al-Qa'ida would expose them to persecution in their home
countries. The men from <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Syria</st1:country-=
region>,
<st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country-region> and <st1:country=
-region
w:st=3D"on">India</st1:country-region> sought protection on the basis of th=
eir
membership of the Muslim Brotherhood, which has been banned in <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Syria</st1:country-region></st1=
:place>
and is considered the father of terrorist groups including al-Qa'ida. Osama=
 bin
Laden's right-hand man Ayman al-Zawahiri adopted the organisation. And earl=
ier
this month, The Weekend Australian revealed that one of the five
asylum-seekers, Ahmad al-Hamwi, who arrived in Australia 10 years ago, was a
senior al-Qa'ida bagman linked to 1993 World Trade Centre bomber Ramzi Yous=
ef. <st1:country-region
w:st=3D"on">US</st1:country-region> terror expert Steven Emerson said the
practice of allowing Muslim Brotherhood members into <st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> was &quot;extremely
dangerous&quot;. Mr Emerson, credited with being the first expert to warn a=
bout
al-Qa'ida, said <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Britain</st1:country-region=
> had
a similar policy to <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">=
Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>,
which had led to a &quot;high concentration of radicals&quot; and the
establishment of extremist networks there.&#8217;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span style=3D'letter-spa=
cing:-.05pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The worrying statistic is not only the nu=
mber
of those who were accepted by the Refugee Review Tribunal as refugees becau=
se
they could prove that they belonged to the Brotherhood or <i>Ikhwan al-Musl=
imin
</i>[mis-transliterated as Ikwhan al-Muslimin in the RRT documents] but the=
 far
greater number who were rejected because they could not do so. The Departme=
nt
of Immigration accepts as a datum that &#8216;The Muslim Brotherhood is not=
 an
extremist group,&#8217;<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn3' href=3D"#_ftn3"
name=3D"_ftnref3" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[3]</span><=
/a> and
describes the Brotherhood as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=
=3DEN
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span lang=
=3DEN
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN'>&#8216; &#8230; the Egyptian
government under President Hosni Mubarak has, over the past decade, increas=
ed
its efforts towards the suppression of the Brotherhood. Whilst Mubarak and =
his
officials claim that the Brotherhood is little more than the political wing=
 of
the more extreme (and violent) Islamic groups which have been outlawed in E=
gypt
such as the Islamic Group and Islamic Jihad other commentators have suggest=
ed
that the success of the Brotherhood in capturing various professional groups
and its successive political alliances which have made the Brotherhood a <i=
>de
facto </i>opposition party are at the root of Mubarak's repressive
actions.&#8217;<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn4' href=3D"#_ftn4" name=3D"_f=
tnref4"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[4]</span></a> <o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'>The Australian bureaucracy&#8217;s unwillingness to accept the Egyptian
Government&#8217;s judgement on the Brotherhood may be thought to be correc=
t by
some who regard Hosni Mubarak and his government as pawns of the West; but =
<i>audiatur
altera pars</i>, &#8216;let the other side be heard&#8217; is always wise
advice, especially where national security is at stake. <o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'>If the Egyptian government and the Syrians &#8211; not noted for
squeamishness in dealing with militant opposition &#8211; fear the Muslim
Brothers then <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Austra=
lia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
would be foolish to think it knows better because one or two analysts regard
the Brothers as neo-converts to democracy. The militant wing of Hamas is
attached to the Brothers, and both its founders belonged to the brotherhood=
. As
recently as December 16, 2005 the leader of <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on"=
>Egypt</st1:country-region>&#8217;s
Muslim Brothers, Muhammad Mehdi Akef, told the state-owned English daily <i=
>Ahram
Weekly</i> that &#8216;we will not recognize <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:co=
untry-region
 w:st=3D"on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place> which is an alien enti=
ty in
the region and we expect the demise of this cancer soon&#8217;.<a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn5' href=3D"#_ftn5" name=3D"_ftnref5" title=3D""=
><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[5]</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN style=3D'=
mso-ansi-language:
EN'>To the view of those analysts who claim that the brotherhood poses no
threat to national security now because it claims to be bent on seeking cha=
nge
by democratic means &#8211; even though the &#8216;change&#8217; involves
imposing Shari&#8216;a Law after the hypothetical election win &#8211; we
suggest that the sobering analysis of others be considered. Take for instan=
ce
the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'>&#8216;In =
<st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country-region></st1=
:place>,
where the group was founded in 1928 and later banned, the Brotherhood worked
under the Islamic doctrine of &quot;concealment&quot; (<i>kitman</i>) in or=
der
to &quot;Islamize&quot; the country. In the 1930's and 1940's, the MB
collaborated with the Nazis. Hajj Amin al-Husseini,the MB chief in British
Mandate Palestine, strongly supported Arab links with the Nazis, particular=
ly
in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, where he backed the short-lived pro-Nazi regime=
 of
Rashid Ali al-Gailani in 1941. In <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country-region></st1:place> too, the MB orchestrated
riots, occupied police stations and attempted coups d'etat. Following their
failed 1954 attempt to assassinate Gamal Abdel Nasser, MB loyalists fled <s=
t1:country-region
w:st=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country-region> to the universities of <st1:country-=
region
w:st=3D"on">Saudi Arabia</st1:country-region>, where they were granted busi=
ness
monopolies to finance their future reemergence; in 1961 the sympathetic King
Sa'ud even funded their establishment of the Islamic University in <st1:pla=
ce
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Medina</st1:City></st1:place>. In October=
 1981,
an MB offshoot group assassinated Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. In the la=
st
decade alone, MB offspring including Gama'a al-Islamiya and the Abdullah Az=
zam
Brigades repeatedly attacked Western tourists, killing hundreds and wounding
many more. Since the history of the MB is full of instigating civil wars and
committing atrocities in countries such as Egypt, Syria, Sudan and Algeria,
their expansion and success elsewhere is destined to wreak more havoc and
destabilize every nation in which they are allowed to operate freely.&#8217=
;<a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn6' href=3D"#_ftn6" name=3D"_ftnref6" title=3D""=
><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[6]</span></a></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify'>If pr=
oving
that you belong to the Brotherhood entitles you to refugee status in <st1:p=
lace
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region><=
/st1:place>,
then it entitles you to citizenship also; and nothing can prevent your sett=
ing
up a branch of the Brotherhood in a nearby supermarket. How can the anonymo=
us
Australian bureaucrats who decide the criteria to be applied to seekers of
asylum, know that &#8216;the Brotherhood,&#8217; is not still&nbsp;
&#8216;work[ing] under the Islamic doctrine of &quot;concealment&quot; (<i>=
kitman</i>)
in order to &quot;Islamize&quot; the country&#8217;?<a style=3D'mso-footnot=
e-id:
ftn7' href=3D"#_ftn7" name=3D"_ftnref7" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnot=
eReference>[7]</span></a>
Only this time, &#8216;the country&#8217; is not <st1:country-region w:st=
=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Syria</st1:country-region>, the <st1:countr=
y-region
w:st=3D"on">Sudan</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Alg=
eria</st1:country-region>
or <st1:City w:st=3D"on">Palestine</st1:City>, but <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><=
st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>.</p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><b><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:maroon'><br>
</span></b><span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Part of the=
 reason
that so many non-Muslims in Western bureaucracies are ill-informed about the
Muslim Brothers, and Islamists in general, can be shot home to the ignoranc=
e of
their masters in Government, and their informants in the media, and especia=
lly
to the street-wise Islamic Societies in Western host countries who have
embraced the art of propaganda and misinformation, whether deliberately or
indeliberately furthering the cause of the Islamic radicals. <o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>These present politico-religious Islam as=
 the
answer to the world&#8217;s problems, and themselves as vulnerable immigrant
underdogs &#8211; which many indeed are &#8211; who need protecting from th=
ose
in and out of the bureaucracy, the media, the non-Muslim religions, especia=
lly
Christianity, who dare to question the spin they put on the history and the
foundations of Islamism. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>By not distinguishing sufficiently between
fanatical Islamists who use the Qur&#8217;an and Islamic Law for their base
purposes, and moderate Muslims who are doing their best to settle into
Australian society in a law-abiding way while remaining faithful to their
religious beliefs, some government officers, commentators and media have
confused both the Australian public, and the Muslim population. And in their
turn played into the hands of the Islamists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It is remarkable that in 2006 in the Stat=
e of <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:State w:st=3D"on">Victoria</st1:State></st1:place>, civil =
law
prevents critical appraisal by non-Muslims of Islamic Law and custom under =
pain
of being hauled through the courts and charged with vilifying a religion.
Islamists have gladly taken advantage of this retrogressive law to silence
their critics. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Catholics, and indeed most other religion=
s,
recognize that there is benefit to be derived from frank and open discussio=
n of
their beliefs. They welcome it. If their teaching truly come from God, as
Gamaliel, the Pharisaic teacher of St Paul in his youth said of St Peter and
the other apostles to the members of the Sanhedrin, then nothing can stand =
in
the way of its spreading; and if it doesn&#8217;t come from God then it will
die out eventually, and pose no threat to anyone.<a style=3D'mso-footnote-i=
d:
ftn8' href=3D"#_ftn8" name=3D"_ftnref8" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnot=
eReference>[8]</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>No serious academic enquiry could be cond=
ucted
in an atmosphere of threats of physical violence or litigation. Islamists a=
nd
even some moderate Muslims refuse to allow any discussion of the genuinenes=
s of
the message allegedly handed down to Muhammad by the Archangel Gabriel, and
incorporated in the Qur&#8217;an, or of the prophethood of Muhammad. <o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>There is no critical text of the Qur&#821=
7;an
nor of the &#8216;Sunna,&#8217; the traditions concerning Muhammad, nor of =
the
hundreds of thousands of hadiths that are claimed to be utterances of Muham=
mad.
Yet these elements are of the essence of Islam for most Muslims. And provide
grist for the mill of the Islamists. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It is time for objective assessment of th=
e type
of courses being offered in Australian universities under the umbrella of
Islamic Studies. And for reappraisal of the conditions under which chairs of
Islamic studies in Australian universities are funded by Islamic states. Co=
uld
a non-Muslim competent in Arabic language and literature be eligible for su=
ch a
chair; could a Christian or a Jew? No Islamic academic in an <st1:place w:s=
t=3D"on"><st1:PlaceName
 w:st=3D"on">Australian</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">Universi=
ty</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
has, to my knowledge, so far come forward calling for openness in discussion
and argument on Islamic beliefs and traditions that affect non-Muslims.<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Whether Muslims will one day come to exam=
ine
the literature of their&nbsp; religion in the light of history, linguistics,
psychology and sociology, is a matter for conjecture. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>But non-Muslims have an obligation and a =
right
to look hard at the Sacred Books of the Muslims when fanatical and violent
Muslims base their religious and racial violence against non-Muslims on the=
se
texts. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It is self-evident that a democracy must =
permit
the free and open discussion of ideas and that necessarily includes religion
and politics. Christians and Jews and other non-Muslims cannot be penalised=
 by
the civil law for examining anti-Christian and anti-Jewish teaching found in
the Qur&#8217;an and in other parts of Islamic tradition. <o:p></o:p></span=
></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nor can they be obliged to condone the co=
ver-up
of Muslim atrocities against non-Muslims in the past, and more especially at
the present time, in the <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Sudan</st1:country=
-region>,
in <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Indonesia</st1:country-region>, in <st1:=
place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Pakistan</st1:country-region></=
st1:place>
and elsewhere throughout the Muslim world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>In a democracy all citizens must respect =
the
rights of others to defend their beliefs [or absence of beliefs in the case=
 of
atheists or agnostics] without having to face threats of violence. <o:p></o=
:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>If Islamists and their camp followers
intimidate or threaten non-Muslims in a democracy then they must understand
that the democratic state has the right and obligation to punish such behav=
iour
&#8211; not for religious reasons but because the civil rights of non-Musli=
ms
[as of Muslims and all other citizens] are protected by law.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>An impression that could be drawn from a =
recent
address by John Stone [Quadrant Dinner 2006] on Islam is that the current a=
nd
on-going threat to the survival of Western democracy allegedly posed by
fanatical Islamists calls for strong, even draconian measures.<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>I agree that democracy is under threat, b=
ut not
just from Islamic extremists. Over-reaction by Western non-islamic democrac=
ies
to Islamic extremists compounds the problem..<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The military response by the United States
Administration to the tragic events of September 11, 2001 has undoubtedly
played into the hands of the terrorists and their propaganda machine.
&nbsp;Such a response was, we suggest, the end-result sought by Usama bin
Laden. Yet we sympathise with the <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">US</st1:country-region></st1:place> dilemma. It had to take so=
me
action to restore the confidence of the American people in their leaders, a=
nd
in the durability of their democracy in the face of terror and its aftermat=
h.
Nevertheless cooler heads should have prevailed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The war in <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:co=
untry-region
 w:st=3D"on">Afghanistan</st1:country-region></st1:place>&nbsp; - historica=
lly a
graveyard for foreign armies - was symptomatic of such over-reaction.
Providentially the <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">US</st1:country-region> =
and
its allies were bailed out of this potential quagmire&nbsp; by the support =
of <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Pervez Musharraf</st1:City>, <st1:country=
-region
 w:st=3D"on">Pakistan</st1:country-region></st1:place>&#8217;s enigmatic
President. The return of the Taliban and their growing support among
disaffected elements in the Afghan countryside illustrates the foolhardines=
s of
simplistic and quick fixes in a region where nothing is black and white.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt'>&#8216;&#8230; opium cultivation increased by
two-thirds, reaching an unprecedented 131,000 hectares. Bad weather and dis=
ease
lowered the opium yield per hectare resulting in output of 4,200 tons, an
increase of only 17%, thus preventing a bumper harvest. Opium cultivation a=
lso
spread to all 32 provinces -- making narcotics the main engine of economic
growth and the strongest bond among previously quarrelsome populations. Val=
ued
at $2.8 billion, the opium economy is now equivalent to about 60% of <st1:p=
lace
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Afghanistan</st1:country-region=
></st1:place>&#8217;s
2003 GDP ($4.6 billion, if only licit activity is measured). With the Afghan
nation struggling to ensure a democratic election and coalition forces work=
ing
to establish a secure situation on the ground, the narcotic question was not
given the priority it should have. Yet the building blocks to tackle opium
cultivation and production have been developed and important positive signs=
 are
emerging. In the countryside, because of excess supply, opium prices are
two-thirds (67%) lower than last year: the incentive for farmers to plant t=
he
next opium crop should now be lower. At the borders, stable heroin prices a=
re
the likely result of law enforcement, which has made it more difficult for
traffickers to refine and smuggle drugs across the country. The drug proble=
m in
<st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Afghanistan</st1:cou=
ntry-region></st1:place>
has been allowed to become ever more serious. If it persists, the political=
 and
military successes of the last three years will be lost.&#8217;<a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn9' href=3D"#_ftn9" name=3D"_ftnref9" title=3D""=
><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[9]</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The invasion of <st1:country-region w:st=
=3D"on">Iraq</st1:country-region>,
too,was a tragic tactical error, as is the ongoing <st1:country-region w:st=
=3D"on">US</st1:country-region>
support for the attack on <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Lebanon</st1:coun=
try-region>
by <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Israel</st1:count=
ry-region></st1:place>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-r=
egion
 w:st=3D"on">US</st1:country-region></st1:place> and its allies continue to=
 hit
soft targets in the hope that the harder ones will take note and back off. =
This
immoral and unjust ploy deceives no one and seldom works &#8211; as events =
in <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Iraq</st1:country-region></st1:=
place>
since the invasion prove. I say <i>seldom</i> advisedly, because <st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Libya</st1:country-region></st1=
:place>&#8217;s
Muammar Gaddafi&#8217;s sudden conversion to democracy was undoubtedly spur=
red
on by visions of the Libyan leader&#8217;s joining Saddam Hussein in prison
awaiting trial for crimes against humanity. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>American appeasement and often downright
support for the calamitous policies of <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Syri=
a</st1:country-region>&#8217;s
Hafiz al-Assad have contributed to the growth of the Hizbollah militia in t=
he
south of <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Lebanon</st1:country-region>, and =
to the
continuing destabilisation of the <st1:place w:st=3D"on">Middle East</st1:p=
lace>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Imposing &#8216;democracy&#8217; on count=
ries
unwilling to accept it, or unprepared for it, in order to bring a region vi=
tal
to the West&#8217;s economies under &#8216;control&#8217; by the West or its
surrogates, all in the name of helping the peoples of the region to fulfil
their destiny, is at best a pipe-dream and at worst a nightmarish scenario =
that
must eventually backfire.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>US support for Israeli military intervent=
ion in
Lebanon to stop Shiite militia shelling Northern Israel is like destroying =
your
neighbour&#8217;s home [and killing your neighbour] because burglars have t=
aken
over the neighbourhood. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The bombardment of <st1:place w:st=3D"on"=
><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Lebanon</st1:country-region></st1:place> &#8211; an unwilling =
host
to the Iranian armed and Syrian supported militia - at the very moment when=
 it
was resestablishing its fragile democratic institutions &nbsp;causes grief =
to
none but innocent and militarily impotent Lebanese Christians and Muslims.
These, tired of war and warmongers are powerless - after years of Palestini=
an,
Syrian and Iranian interference in <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Lebanon<=
/st1:country-region>&#8217;s
internal affairs in which <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Israel</st1:count=
ry-region>
and the <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">US</st1:coun=
try-region></st1:place>
were tacitly complicit - to dislodge the powerful Shiite militia in the sou=
th. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Israeli spokesmen admit that Hizbollah can
never be wiped out by Israeli bombs as the bombs continue to fall
indiscriminately on Hizbollah and innocent Lebanese civilians alike. They m=
ust
also be aware that no military action, by air, sea or land-based troops, can
guarantee <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Israel</st=
1:country-region></st1:place>&#8217;s
immunity to hostile shelling. Hizbollah shells and Hamas suicide bombers are
symptomatic of the erosion of trust and mutual respect over past decades
between <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Israel</st1:=
country-region></st1:place>
and her neighbours. <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">=
Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place>&#8217;s
security from shelling can be achieved only by non-military means. To think
otherwise is to condemn <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"=
on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place>
and her neighbours to mutually genocidal conflict that will only end with t=
he
extinction of one or all of the protagonists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>In the meantime, far from being cowed by =
the
bombing of Lebanon,&nbsp; the Syrians and the Iranians - the e<i>minences
grises</i> in the sordid affair - must wonder at their good fortune as they=
 see
Israel and the US further alienating the few friends they have left in the
non-Muslim and Muslim &nbsp;world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>All other things being equal, there is no
danger of Australia&#8217;s succumbing to the Islamist nightmarish scenario,
though there is a grave risk that global terrorism will erupt as a result of
continuing instability in the Middle East. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The history of expansionist Islam is a li=
tany
of disappointed hopes and betrayed trust. St John Damascene&#8217;s
grandfather, Mansur ibn Sarjun, believed Khalid ibn Walid, nicknamed <i>The
Sword of Allah,</i> when he promised that if the civilian population
capitulated and paid the poll-tax &#8216;nothing but good shall befall
them&#8217;.<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn10' href=3D"#_ftn10" name=3D"_ft=
nref10"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[10]</span></a> The gates of =
<st1:City
w:st=3D"on">Damascus</st1:City> were opened to the Muslim warlord in Septem=
ber
635 AD and with the exception of the first and best of the Arab
&#8216;kings&#8217; Mu&#8216;awiyah ibn abi Sufyan, the subsequent history =
of
ethnic and religious minorities in Arab dominated <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><s=
t1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Syria</st1:country-region></st1:place> is a wretched one.<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Islamic Law and Islamic Economics do not =
sit
well with successful government. No example can be given of a country gover=
ned
by Islamic Law that hasn&#8217;t fallen back into social, economic and
religious chaos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The Wahhabi Saudis with their religious p=
olice,
their futuristic cities in the desert and their double standards may be add=
uced
as a proof of the contrary. Yet Saudi&nbsp; power is not derived from some
inner strength of its Islamist beliefs. It comes from its seemingly limitle=
ss
wealth in US dollars and euros directly or indirectly derived from oil and =
its
by-products; and oil, like Saudi dominance of the Arabian peninsular, is
finite.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>However, by tolerating and uncritically
publicising violent, unpatriotic and even treasonable behaviour and writing=
 on
the part of minorities who work behind the scenes to promote political Isla=
m in
this country, those responsible &#8211; whether in government or in the med=
ia -
&nbsp;weaken the Australian democratic ethos which depends for its stabilit=
y on
mutual respect and trust among the numerous minorities that make up its
Commonwealth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Prime Minister Howard, for his part,
unequivocally rejected the recent suggestion<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn=
11'
href=3D"#_ftn11" name=3D"_ftnref11" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteRef=
erence>[11]</span></a>
by&nbsp; Australian Muslim leaders, and by members of his Muslim advisory b=
ody
including Ameer Ali and Sheikh Fehmi Naji al-Imam, that Hizbollah should be
removed from the list of banned terrorist organisations in the light of the
Israeli bombardment of <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"o=
n">Lebanon</st1:country-region></st1:place>.
To have agreed would have further undermined <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:co=
untry-region
 w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>&#8217;s credibility=
 and
endangered its security.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Muslims living in <st1:place w:st=3D"on">=
<st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> enjoy, under the la=
w,
equal rights and obligations with every other citizen. Islamic societies on=
 the
other hand will not tolerate this extension of equality under the law to
non-Muslims. Dhimmis are by definition &#8216;tolerated&#8217; people,
non-citizens, whose rights depend on the good will and the whim of the pers=
on
in charge of the society for the time being. The alleged
&#8216;tolerance&#8217; enjoyed by non-Muslim minorities in Spain from 711 =
AD
until 1492 AD is a propagandistic urban myth along the lines of alligators =
in
the New York sewers. No Islamic society will extend full citizenship to
non-Muslims; the Saudis will not even extend citizenship to some foreign <i=
>Muslims</i>
who work to keep its petro-dollars and euros flowing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It would be a mistake to view Stone&#8217=
;s
suggestion that Muslims be not allowed to emigrate &#8211; with which I
disagree &#8211; as merely a knee-jerk reaction of an Australian candidate =
for
the Ku-Klux-Klan who plagued the US in the nineteenth century with their
anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic and anti-Black rhetoric. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Like it or not, Stone speaks for a great =
number
of intelligent and hard-working Australian tax-payers who wonder what return
they are getting for the salaries they hand out to their &#8216;leaders&#82=
17;.
And that includes state, federal &#8211; and local government.<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>He is, for instance, not alone in wonderi=
ng
about the dynamics of the so-called &#8216;race riots&#8217; in Cronulla NSW
last Boxing Day, and the reaction to them on the part of the constitutional=
ly
appointed authorities, and the way the events were reported in the media. <=
o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Had local and state government officials,=
 and
the police, not dithered about taking action against the rioters, and in
particular, had they and the media generally over a long period treated Mus=
lims
like all other citizens in the country: with the same rights &#8211; no more
&#8211; and the same obligations &#8211; no fewer - then the situation would
never have reached the stage that local people, and especially disaffected
young people, could be driven to taking the law into their own hands. <o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>At this late stage one can well ask how m=
any
Muslim gang members have been imprisoned for their involvement in the riots.
Has any been found guilty? Were all the fanatics and radicals on one side o=
nly?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Continuing media insistence that the riot=
s were
racial in origin, and that Muslims were the only victims, &nbsp;further fan=
ned
&#8211; and continues to fan &#8211; the discontent. It raises many a quest=
ion
about responsible reporting by allegedly self-regulating media in a free
society. Race does not seem to have been involved either on the Muslim side=
 or
on the side of the Australian gangs and others who reacted. <o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Islamism and its erosion of the rights and
civil liberties of democratic Australians, lies at the heart of the problem.
Muslims do not constitute a &#8216;race&#8217;. Those involved were from
different countries, as were those who reacted to them. If anything the rio=
ts
were a regrettable response born of frustration at the inaction of the part=
 of
the appropriate authorities who cannot hide their fear of confronting Islam=
ist
radicals. Fear breeds in such conditions, and bullies multiply.<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>When applicants are accepted as migrants =
it
should be made clear to all, including Muslims, that in a democracy politic=
al
and civil leaders exercise legitimate authority through the will of the peo=
ple.
Local government, judges and police, like political leaders at the state and
federal level, must be respected. If their religious beliefs can&#8217;t al=
low
them to live in this kind of society, then they should not come, or if they=
 are
here, they should leave for the sake of their conscience. If they choose to
stay then they must obey the laws. Not to do so, or to work actively to sub=
vert
the laws and constitution of the host country that has welcomed them as mig=
rants,
is to face punishment under the law. None of this is spelled out to prospec=
tive
migrants at the present time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It is not an option for Islamists who mig=
rate
to this country, and are offended by aspects of Australian life that differ
from traditional ones in their native countries, to work by stealth to subv=
ert
the Australian Constitution and endeavour to turn the country into an Islam=
ic
state. Islamic Law and democracy are incompatible. Those who for whatever
reason seek to prove the opposite, invariably resort to subterfuge and
dissembling.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>A final observation. Religion, the sword =
and
race are inextricably intertwined in any discussion of Islamism. There are
reasons for thinking that it is not Islam as such that threatens the peace =
and
stability of non-Muslim countries. Islam is frequently the tool, the ploy, =
the
lever which is used to soften the target people or country. Despite popular
views on the extremism of the Shiite majority in <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st=
1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Iran</st1:country-region></st1:place>, a major force at work b=
ehind
the scenes is Sunni Arabism<i> </i>of the Wahhabi variety. <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The Hanbali Wahhabi sect of the Saudis ha=
s been
leading the pack since the beginning of the nineteenth century when its
influence was felt from Java and Sumatra in the East, to <st1:place w:st=3D=
"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Nigeria</st1:country-region></st1:place> in the West. Its power
increased exponentially when the West stood by foolishly and allowed the
barbarous and outlawed sect to oust the traditional Sharifs of Mecca and <s=
t1:City
w:st=3D"on">Medina</st1:City> &#8211; no slouches themselves when it came to
Islamism, but not in the class of the clan of Ibn Saud &#8211; and take con=
trol
of <st1:City w:st=3D"on">Mecca</st1:City> in 1924 and <st1:place w:st=3D"on=
"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">Medina</st1:City></st1:place> in 1925. Since then the Saudis h=
ave
peddled their extreme form of Islam throughout the world via the annual Haj=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-top:0pt;margin-right:27.0pt;margin-bot=
tom:
0pt;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333'>Once in charge, the Wahhabists was=
ted
little time in censoring the Haj. As early as 1929, Egyptian pilgrims were
refused permission to celebrate the colourful Mahmal rites and more than 30
were killed. At the time <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Egypt</st1:country=
-region>
severed diplomatic relations with <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on">Saudi Arabia</st1:country-region></st1:place>. Few governments=
 have
stood up to them since.<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn12' href=3D"#_ftn12"
name=3D"_ftnref12" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[12]</span=
></a></span><span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-ansi-langua=
ge:EN-GB'>Millions
of Muslims go to <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Mecca</st1:Ci=
ty></st1:place>
each year for the pilgrimage and are vulnerable to the Wahhabi/ Salafi virus
that wreaks more havoc than malaria or dengue fever; and become carriers of=
 it
in their turn. Wahhabi puritanism even affects </span><span style=3D'color:=
#333333'>the
mountain of light, al-Nur, with Hira'a cave, where Muhammad&nbsp; is said to
have received the first verses of the Koran. This is targeted for destructi=
on
by the Mutawin, the religious police, in order to stop pilgrims visiting it=
. At
the foot of the hill there is a Wahhabi fatwa forbidding visitors to climb =
the
hill, to pray there, to touch stones or and tie knots on trees. The grave of
one of Muhammad&#8217;s wives in the <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">cemetery</s=
t1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">Jannat</st1:PlaceName> a-Baqi in <st1:place w=
:st=3D"on"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">Medina</st1:City></st1:place> was destroyed by the Wahhabis in=
 the
1950s. The religious police are present night and day to prevent anyone pla=
cing
flowers on the site, or even praying in the proximity of the graves. <o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Muhammad Ibn Saud, the founder of the Sau=
di
&#8216;dynasty&#8217; used the extremist Islamic doctrine of Muhammad Abdul
Wahhab in the 18<sup>th</sup> century AD to lift his tribe of petty bandits
based in the village of Dir&#8216;iyeh in Najd in Central Arabia, from
obscurity. From terrorising the local Muslims who did not conform to Abdul
Wahhab&#8217;s puritanism, Ibn Saud&#8217;s&nbsp; forces graduated to
unsettling the Ottoman Sultan of Turkey, and defying the British Raj in <st=
1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">India</st1:country-region></st1=
:place>
with their militant Islamism in the name of the Wahhabi cult. Reverence for
saints was banned, tombs were despoiled, headstones destroyed, minarets and
inscriptions on mosques were banned, use of the &#8216;rosary&#8217;
proscribed, pilgrimages and acts of popular devotion forbidden.<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The extremist Wahhabis continue to use Is=
lam as
a lever to peddle their particular form of Arabism &#8211; what Western
fellow-travellers would call their &#8216;culture&#8217; - disarmingly
symbolised by white robed sheikhs in the desert holding hooded falcons on t=
heir
gloved wrists, and eating exotic meals in gorgeously appointed tents. &nbsp=
;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>This Wahhabi culture is seventh-century
Arabian. It stopped in a time warp with Muhammad&#8217;s death, or at least
with the final edition of the Qur&#8217;an as produced by &#8217;Uthman, the
third caliph, 644-656 AD. It finds its supreme and far from unambiguous
expression in the complex of elements &#8211; with the Qur&#8217;an as the
centrepiece - that make up what is called the Shari&#8216;a, Islamic Law.<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The catch-cry of King Feisal, son of Shar=
if
Hussein, when he was trying to preserve a united and independent Syria at t=
he
end of the Great War, finds an echo, I suggest, in the ambitions of the Sau=
di
usurpers who now occupy the throne that rightfully belonged to the Sharifs =
of
Mecca and Medina: &#8216;We are Arabs before being Muslims, and Muhammad wa=
s an
Arab before being a prophet ... we were Arabs even before the time of Moses,
Muhammad, Jesus and Abraham&#8217;.<a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn13'
href=3D"#_ftn13" name=3D"_ftnref13" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteRef=
erence>[13]</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Similar sentiments were expressed by the
Lebanese writer Amin al-Rihani in 1938: &#8216;The Arabs existed before Isl=
am
and before Christianity. Let the Christians realise this, and let the Musli=
ms
realise this. Arabism before and above everything&#8217;.<a style=3D'mso-fo=
otnote-id:
ftn14' href=3D"#_ftn14" name=3D"_ftnref14" title=3D""><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[14]</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>For all its wealth and arrogance this new,
resurgent Arabism of the Saudis is, I suggest, doomed. Its dark side may be
unknown to befuddled non-Muslims in the West, but is too well known to fell=
ow
Muslims: from the native African Sufis of West Africa, the multi-ethnic
non-Arab Sunnis of Africa, and Central and South East Asia, to the
Indo-European Persian Shiites of Iran.. The black Muslims who have been
murdered, raped and&nbsp; dispossessed by the Arab militias in the Darfur
region of the <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Sudan<=
/st1:country-region></st1:place>
understand, better than most, this other side of the militant
&#8216;Arabism&#8217; coin:<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3Dstory style=3D'margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:18.0pt;margin-botto=
m:5.0pt;
margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify'><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The village had been surrounded by armed Ara=
bs
on horses and camels - members of the Janjaweed militia, who, with the back=
ing
of the <st1:City w:st=3D"on">Khartoum</st1:City> government, are apparently
intent on &quot;whiting out&quot; <st1:place w:st=3D"on">Darfur</st1:place>=
's
black majority, despite both sides being Muslim. The mounted Arabs, in mili=
tary
fatigues, charged into the village, wheeling precisely between the huts and
firing indiscriminately. The Janjaweed were followed by government infantry=
 who
gathered Har 'Janga's young men into a group and executed them, each with a
single shot in the back of the head. Ismael's family were singled out and t=
aken
to a well. The Janjaweed accused them of supporting the Sudan Liberation Ar=
my,
the rebel movement that began an uprising against the government a year ago.
&quot;They took a knife and cut my mother's throat and they threw her into =
the well,&quot;
said Ismael. &quot;Then they took my oldest sister and began to rape her on=
e by
one. My father was kneeling, crying and begging them for mercy.&quot; Ismael
escaped by hiding under a dead mule, from where he saw the Janjaweed rape h=
is
three other sisters, among them Khadija, her face now unrecognisable, before
slitting their throats. &quot;After that they killed my brother and my
father,&quot; he said. &quot;They threw all the bodies in the well.&quot;<a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn15' href=3D"#_ftn15" name=3D"_ftnref15" title=
=3D""><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[15]</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'>The tragedy of Darfur and=
 the
Sudan generally, the continuing tragedy of the Palestinians now in the firm
grip of Hamas and the Muslim Brothers, the ethnic and religious mayhem
paralysing Iraq, the potential descent into Taliban-engineered chaos of
Afghanistan, the deadly response of Hizbollah to Israeli bombardment, the
deterioration of political life in Egypt, Algeria and Somalia, the strident
calls for Iranian nuclear capability, the growing influence of&nbsp;
Fundamentalist Islam in Malaysia, the threat of Islamist forces in Indonesia
and the southern Philippines &#8211; all point to the accuracy of the judge=
ment
of Alex de Waal that we quoted at the beginning of this article. </p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>No democratic society can afford the luxu=
ry of
political correctness when it comes to protecting itself from the threat of
social, economic and religious disintegration that Islamism carries in its
train.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-list'><![if !supportFootnotes]><br clear=
=3Dall>

<hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%">

<![endif]>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify;background:white'><a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn1' href=3D"#_ftnref1" name=3D"_ftn1" title=3D""=
><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>[1]</span></s=
pan></a><span
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt'>Alex de Waal, Introduction, <i>Islamism and its E=
nemies
in the Horn of Africa,</i> Shama Books Addis Ababa, 2004.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn2>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn2' href=3D"#_ftnref2" n=
ame=3D"_ftn2"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><span style=3D'font-size:10.0=
pt'>[2]</span></span></a>
<span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&#8216;Visa row on links to terror,&#8217;=
 <i>The
Australian, </i>April 22, 2006 by Natalie O'Brien.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn3>

<h2 style=3D'margin:0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:=
ftn3'
href=3D"#_ftnref3" name=3D"_ftn3" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteRefer=
ence><span
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt'>[3]</span></span></a><span style=3D'font-size:8.0=
pt'> </span><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:normal'>See, e.g. </span><span lang=
=3DEN
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-weight:normal'>M196 of =
2002 v
Minister for Immigration &amp; Anor [2005] FMCA 1650 (16 November 2005).<o:=
p></o:p></span></h2>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn4>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify'><a
style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn4' href=3D"#_ftnref4" name=3D"_ftn4" title=3D""=
><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>[4]</span></s=
pan></a><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> </span><span lang=3DEN style=3D'font-size:10.0p=
t;
mso-ansi-language:EN'>Cordahi, C, 1995 &quot;Government cracking down on
&#8216;Muslim Brotherhood'&quot;, PeaceNet World News Service, 20 February,
CX15998. See RRT Reference: N02/41331 (8 April 2002). <o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn5>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn5' href=3D"#_ftnr=
ef5"
name=3D"_ftn5" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[5]</span></a>=
 Arabic
Electronic Mail Journal, ed. Samir Suellam, July 5, 2006.<span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn6>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn6' href=3D"#_ftnref6" n=
ame=3D"_ftn6"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><span style=3D'font-size:10.0=
pt'>[6]</span></span></a><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'> Rachel Ehrenfeld and Alyssa A. Lappen, <i>Front=
PageMagazine.com
</i>| June 16, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn7>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn7' href=3D"#_ftnr=
ef7"
name=3D"_ftn7" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[7]</span></a>=
 ibid.<span
lang=3DEN-AU style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn8>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn8' href=3D"#_ftnr=
ef8"
name=3D"_ftn8" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><span style=3D=
'font-size:
9.0pt'>[8]</span></span></a> Acts of the Apostles, 5,35-39.<span lang=3DEN-=
AU
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn9>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn9' href=3D"#_ftnr=
ef9"
name=3D"_ftn9" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[9]</span></a>=
 UN Office
on Drugs and <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Crime</st1:City>,=
 <st1:country-region
 w:st=3D"on"><i>Afghanistan</i></st1:country-region></st1:place><i> Opium S=
urvey</i>,
November 2004.<span lang=3DEN-AU style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o=
:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn10>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn10' href=3D"#_ftn=
ref10"
name=3D"_ftn10" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[10]</span></=
a><i>Fath
al-Buldan</i> by Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, quoted Philip Hitti,<i> Hist=
ory
of the Arabs</i>, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Macmillan</s=
t1:City>
 <st1:State w:st=3D"on">NY</st1:State></st1:place> 1968 p.150.<span lang=3D=
EN-AU
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn11>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a style=3D'mso-f=
ootnote-id:
ftn11' href=3D"#_ftnref11" name=3D"_ftn11" title=3D""><span
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[11]</span></a><b> &#8216;</b>PM can't be sway=
ed on
Hezbollah,&#8217; Richard Kerbaj, <i>The Australian</i> August 4, 2006.<span
lang=3DEN-AU style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn12>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn12' href=3D"#_ftn=
ref12"
name=3D"_ftn12" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[12]</span></=
a>. See <a
href=3D"http://www.rastafarispeaks.com/cgi-bin/forum/config.pl?noframes;rea=
d=3D71738"
title=3D"http://www.rastafarispeaks.com/cgi-bin/forum/config.pl?noframes;re=
ad=3D71738">http://www.rastafarispeaks.com/cgi-bin/forum/config.pl?noframes=
;read=3D71738</a>:
&#8216;Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1=
:City
 w:st=3D"on">Mecca</st1:City></st1:place>,&#8217; by Daniel Howden<span
lang=3DEN-AU style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn13>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn13' href=3D"#_ftn=
ref13"
name=3D"_ftn13" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[13]</span></=
a> Quoted <i>Arab
Nationalism: an Anthology</i>&nbsp; by Sylvia G. Haim, <st1:place w:st=3D"o=
n"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">London</st1:City></st1:place> 1962, p.35.<span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn14>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn14' href=3D"#_ftn=
ref14"
name=3D"_ftn14" title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[14]</span></=
a> Quoted <i>The
Arabs</i>, by Peter Mansfield, Penguin 1976 p.263.<span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-AU'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div style=3D'mso-element:footnote' id=3Dftn15>

<p class=3Dstory><a style=3D'mso-footnote-id:ftn15' href=3D"#_ftnref15" nam=
e=3D"_ftn15"
title=3D""><span class=3DMsoFootnoteReference>[15]</span></a> &#8216;<span
class=3Dstoryhead1><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman";
color:windowtext;font-weight:normal'>Ethnic cleansing in desert of death for
black Muslims,&#8217; b</span></span><span class=3Dstoryby1><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal'>y Adrian Blomfeld, &nbsp;</span></span><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext'>T=
elegraph.co.uk
&nbsp;f<span class=3Dfiled1><span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:windowtext'>iled: 24/04/2004.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoFootnoteText><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

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